Animal Farm Book free essay sample

His utilization of language is intended to upgrade the control that the pigs have over the remainder of the ranch. At the point when squealer utilizes language as his weapon he continually puts specific twists on occasions and conditions and he utilizes trademarks and such to help control different creatures. He begs the creatures for instance, to consider how Napoleon is simply keeping an eye out for them. Napoleon would loathe it he says, in the event that they succumbed to Snowballs stunts. Here squealer is attempting to get the creatures to relate to Napoleon and feel thankful for him. He likewise utilizes trademarks like â€Å"Tactics confidants tactics† to drum thoughts into their heads instead of having them consider anything. So by turning the things that occur, and giving the creatures mottos rather than clarifications, Squealer assists with monitoring them. One of the manners in which the pigs revise history is to guarantee that they are consistently in charge; obviously this activity falls to a great extent to the hands of Squealer. The pigs change history by having the option to exaggerate so the creatures, unassuming of the ulterior thought processes, wind up accepting what Napoleon, Squealer and different pigs state is correct. A case of this would be the point at which the pigs move into the house and keeping in mind that it may on face esteem damage a fundamental of animalism, Squealer agues that it is required for the Pigs to have space so as to work and plan for the homestead advantage. This a case of the reworking history, all together for the pigs to profit while different creatures neglect to try and perceive or follow up on what is being finished. Another way the pigs revise history in especially Squealer is in Chapter 7 when developing Snowball as a mystery specialist of Jones and subsequently making the way for any individual who concurred with as an adversary of the homestead. Snowball was instrumental to the homesteads achievement, yet once esteemed a foe by Napoleon, Squealer grasps the assignment of reworking the account as Snowball being a foe of the ranch and guaranteeing that any individual who upheld him is blessed to receive a definitive punishment in death. It is in this scene where the Orwell shows how much power benefits when it can change and build history in a way that legitimizes its own position. Talk about Boxer. What job does he play on the homestead? For what reason does Napoleon appear to feel compromised by him? In what ways may one view the selling out of Boxer as an elective peak of novel? (on the off chance that we consider Napoleon’s expulsion of Snowball and the pigs’ starting combination of intensity as the genuine peak)? Fighter is speaks to in the novel as a committed, yet deceived animalist (socialist) supporter , He perceives how life for the creatures improves at first and is set up to function as hard as possible to carry the beliefs of the unrest to the real world. Each animal on the ranch admires him as kind of a figure head, he is the one thing that they can generally depend on. His knowledge is restricted and he is excessively trusting and gullible, inept even, to see the truth of defilement tainting the pigs’ system. Then again, his naivety likewise drives him transparently communicating his puzzlement over specific things and this is possibly hazardous for the pigs as it would prompt other increasingly wise creatures starting to address what's going on. This, along with Boxer’s colossal quality, is the thing that makes him a danger to the pigs; they urgently need him for his huge limit with regards to work and model in any case, if that quality were to be betrayed them since he accidentally made the remainder of the creatures aware of their defilement, at that point their system would be done. This reality is the reason Boxer is seen as a treat, regardless of being a partner napoleon at last took the main risk he needed to dispose of fighter, and why his possible destiny comes to fruition. Napoleon exploited the removal of Boxer and knew once he was gone the danger of Napoleon being over tossed was expelled, Because regardless of whether the creatures attempted to revolt or dissent, he would have the option to take control with his all-powerful armed force of mammoth like pooches. While the double-crossing of Boxer isn't, the genuine peak, one could in reality translate this occasion so that it legitimizes as an elective peak. All things considered, the treachery of Boxer is about equivalent in the significance to the expulsion of Snowball, politically. Of the entirety of the Characters in Animal Farm, are there any who appear to speak to the perspective of the creator? Which animals or individuals do you think come(s) storage room to accomplishing Orwell’s point of view on Animal Farm? George Orwell enlivens numerous characters in the novel Animal Farm; He presents exceptionally fascinating Characters like Boxer and Benjamin who depict a few perspectives on Orwell be that as it may, none of them completely speak to Orwell’s full perspective. During the book Benjamin doesn't have any incredible trusts in the upset or, truly for whatever else. He accepts that regardless, things will trivial much remain the equivalent for the creatures. He knows whether they are not being misused by Farmer Jones any longer, they will be abused by Napoleon and the pigs. Orwell obviously is stating in the books that the creatures are no happier after the upheaval. Of the considerable number of creatures Benjamin is the one that makes this point more than any of the others. Another creature that Orwell could have related to is Boxer. Fighter the most grounded animal on the ranch and the most steadfast, Boxer appears to me to encapsulate Orwell’s biggest dread. Boxer’s consistent dedication to the state and its pioneers, his energetic endeavors to the ensure the homestead and â€Å"work harder† just as his confidence in Napoleon (Government) is the thing that at last murders him at long last, as the state to which he holds the best commitment to denies him any equity as it double-crosses him. I can't help thinking that Orwell composes considering him, and the a huge number of other â€Å"Boxers† who are at the impulse of their own administrations. I imagine that each of the animals’ in the book speak to some degree of Orwell’s discernments yet Boxer and Benjamin are the ones who come wardrobe to arriving at his full view of life after the Second World War.

Depends on essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Relies upon - Essay Example A lot later in around 1,000 BCE different gatherings like Scandinavians, Norsemen from northern Europe settled in the Atlantic shoreline of North America. Presently the inquiries remains that in the event that all these early settlements are thought of, at that point what is the importance of 1492, the year wherein Columbus â€Å"discovered† America. While some may state that Columbus’s arriving in America is less noteworthy throughout the entire existence of the New World than the pre-Christ early intrusions, there are other people who contend that today individuals are basic one-sided with anything worried about Europeans (Unger, 2002, pp.1-2). The Indians living in America are extensively late pilgrims from the Old World where it is viewed as human species have advanced. As indicated by archeologists, individuals from various pieces of the Old World have settled in America as long back as 40,000 years prior. The Indian individuals found in America today may have been the relatives of these early pioneers in spite of the fact that in later periods another gathering who were Athapasken-speakers settled in and around western Canada and Alaska. Both these Indians and the Athapasken-speakers have physical similarity with cutting edge Chinese, Koreans and the Japanese. These transient gatherings endure principally on roots, berries, seeds and fish. It is expected that because of a few components like scarcity of precipitation and absence of food gracefully these vagrants had to move towards North America. Back then, ocean level was low and a land connect associated Alaska with Siberia. Inside the following scarcely any thousand years, these gatherings of individuals moved further south till the southern tip of South America. At the same time to these developments, the number of inhabitants in these transients expand and keeping in mind that they were not many hundred before all else, when it was 1492 the number expand to 50 million or more, a populace size that can be contrasted with cutting edge Europe (Unger, 2002, p.2). With populace quickly expanding throughout the hundreds of years, these individuals who were initially from the

Another Year, Another Journey Through The Magical Land of Book Expo

Another Year, Another Journey Through The Magical Land of Book Expo This year I attended the last day of BookExpo. BookExpo is a magical land in the heart of New York City, at a place called the Javits Center. It is full of tote bags. So, so many tote bags. Can you spot all of the tote bags in this picture? I bet you cant. At BookExpo, you can meet celebrities like John Cena and Lupita Nyongo, both of whom have written childrens books this year. It seems like thats the thing to do these days. Or,   you can meet Sean Penn, if thats the sort of thing youre into instead (Just a little joke, Sean Penn! You were great in  Mystic River).  Im not sure exactly what Sean Penn was doing there, but hes probably also written a childrens book. Two years ago, I went to  BookCon, which is apparently not the same thing as BookExpo, but they are related, which is confusing. BookExpo is more for industry insiders (fancy) while BookCon is more for the general public. Both are overwhelming and generally result in walking around in a daze, taking in the breathless sights of the sheer number of books in the world and the sad fact that even if you lived a thousand lifetimes, you would never have time to read all of them. Some people do try, though. The sheer amount of checked rolling suitcases waiting to be filled with ARCs of new books is also staggering: No, this is not an airport. Even so, I have come to love this annual tradition. I got to see a panel of diverse middle grade authors talk about the importance of representation for middle schoolers. I picked up a large stack of books that Im excited about diving into, particularly  My Life As An Ice Cream Sandwich, from  National Book Award finalist Ibi Zoboi, and  Im Telling The Truth But Im Lying,  a new essay collection by  Bassey Ikpi. I also got an ARC of the new adventure/graphic novel hybrid  Cursed, by Thomas Wheeler with illustrations by Frank Miller. I really like Millers artwork. Imagine my surprise when I brought it home to glance through it to see that most of the artwork wasnt even there. Curse you, Simon Schuster Books for Young Readers Division! But really, its on me, I guess. Thats what I get for waiting for 45 minutes for an ARC! But really, after several years now of covering the bookselling and book publishing world, what I have really come to have a great fondness for is the community. People say all the time that people in the book industry are some of the greatest in the world. At BookExpo, it really is true. Im sure there are some bad apples, but if so I havent met any yet. My favorite thing about BookExpo is walking through the chaos of Javits, amidst all of the books and all of the promotional materials and advertisements, and seeing three or four people just sitting at a table, talking passionately together. Sure it can be mega-corporatized, but its also great to see so many people converge on one place, all to share their love of books. I wasnt kidding when I said it was a magical place. Also, did I mention there were cool totes? #worthit

Domestic Violence In Todays Society - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1301 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/04/16 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Domestic Violence Essay Did you like this example? Domestic violence is a concerning matter in todays society. Imagine waking up in a home everyday where there is abuse, neglection, and so many other terrible situations. What about being afraid to go to sleep every night because of the uncertainty of what might happen? Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Domestic Violence In Todays Society" essay for you Create order Many lives and families have been affected by domestic violence. Children have been neglected and abused by parents and are suffering from the long-term effects. Stress, mental disorders, and so many more issues are being put on children today that could be completely avoided if parental rights were not put before a childs protection. The rights of parents are being put over child protection, and the children are receiving unacceptable impacts because of the issue. Although many laws, lawyers, and judges fight for an advocate for children, parental rights should not come before child protection. The statistics and rates of domestic violence have gone up tremendously. According to Gallagher, a proportion of all violent crimes are significantly high in the area of domestic violence. This author indicates that 16 percent of all accidents ever reported have been domestic violence, and 85 percent have been against just women alone (55). Also, the quality of the relationship between the parent and the child is affected by domestic violence. Children may experience affects such as anxiety or fear, and the cause of this is an insecure attachment bond between the mother and the child (56). Domestic violence has many different stages. According to Ortiz, the different stages of domestic violence are physical abuse, sexual abuse and rape, emotional and psychological abuse, homicide, forced prostitution, and the list goes on (40-41). Women and children are being abused and mistreated daily. Individuals could take precautions such as avoiding the situation as best as possible, getting out of the home, reporting the incident to higher authorities. The numbers for domestic violence are continuously going up, but with the work of many individuals, the matter can be stopped. The horrors of domestic violence do not stop with just physical abuse. Neglection is a leading factor that is very common with this issue as well. Buchanan et al. mentions that children are being neglected and pushed to the side because the mothers are too busy trying to protect rather than nurture (713). Children need the love and comfort from a mother. Buchanan et al. also points out that there is an attachment between a mother and a baby at the time of birth. The babys brain development is affected by this and so many other factors such as the childs well being (713). Children also tend to form health disorders and are more prone to stress when living in environments where domestic violence is present. Buntson explains the terrors and damage domestic violence can do to a child: The prevalence of violence within families is considered to be endemic at levels across the world. Relational trauma and exposure to toxic stressin utero and perinatallyhas been shown to have enduring and detrimental impacts across development within the early years, childhood, and beyond, significantly increasing the development of mental health disorders (1). The facts are clear that children develop stress and disorders because of all the tension in the homes. Not only are the children being affected, but the mothers are being affected as well. Buchanan et al. exclaims that mothers from an experiment tell how they feel their children are not as supported as they should, isolated, and fear the children are not safe. Mothers also experience personal effects. Following the birth of their babies, none of the women in the study received emotional or practical support from their partners (Buchanan et al. 717). Mothers need support from the spouse to be able to give the child everything needed. Domestic violence occurs in all countries. Domestic violence has been identified as occurring across all regions, ethnicities, cultures, ages, and economic statuses (Ghani 104). This quote provides evidence that domestic violence can affect anyone no matter the age, race, social status, culture, or ethnicity. Multiple types of abuse are portaken in on a daily basis. The men are not the only individuals in the homes that participate in domestic violence. Fathers or males in the homes contribute the most in domestic violence, but mothers are also a large contributing factor. According to Zimmerman, 70 percent of the time women are the perpetrators of the situations (60). Men can be affected just like women can through domestic violence. Women can do just as much damage, if not more than a man can do. Zimmerman indicates that women are just as violent in intimate situations as any male would be (62). Punishment and violence are two completely different subjects. Punishment can be taken extremely too far in some situations. The authority to discipline a child determined whether a violation of a childs bodily integrity was a legal act of correction or a physical assault punishable under the Criminal Code (Elder 54-55). Both parents, mother and father, are contributors in domestic violence. Afifi et al. provides the information that many factors such as child maltreatment, sexual and physical abuse, and many others are associated with poor maltreatment and development of children (1). Many contributors to domestic violence are in the homes. Many programs have been made to help assist children and mothers who are and have been affected by domestic violence. Children and mothers need all the support and comfort that can be given while facing times such as these. Zannettino and McLaren explain that most of the programs are based off of finding and addressing safety for children. Not only that, but some programs help solely with developmental needs. Programs are a tremendous help to those affected by domestic violence (421). These authors also point out the differences in child protection and domestic violence sectors. The only difference between government programs and sectors is that children or mothers are not as well served by the sectors such as womens domestic violence services or child protection authorities (421). Two different types of programs are available today for children and mothers seeking help from domestic violence. Although many programs try to help regulate domestic violence, the efforts are not where they are needed. Many individuals are opposed to the the term domestic violence. Many lives have been terribly affected by this matter. However, some individuals believe otherwise. Some are led to believe that different cultures and areas have an affect on domestic violence. According to Little, one main feature is the influences of tradition. Many cultures carry out the tradition of masculinity. The superior forms of masculinity are partaken in within many areas and cultures (480). Males in other countries or other cultures tend to practice what feels natural, and in this case it is domestic violence (485). Domestic violence tends to be a part of an individuals life for so long, and the individual knows nothing but this. Tradition is sometimes hard to break; however, it is not right to use that as a crutch. Domestic violence is crucial thing to face. Individuals should not have to go through or deal with this matter. Domestic violence is a very common issue in todays time. Children and women are waking up in homes every morning uncertain of what the day will bring. Violence is accepted in many forms and places. Domestic violence causes controversy between families and many disorders and other trying factors for children and mothers. Children are being neglected, beaten, forgotten, and pushed to the side because there is no help for them. Mothers are not giving children the love and support that is needed. Parents are taking punishment way over the limit. Domestic violence is something children or mothers are facing more and more as society moves on. Even though many laws, lawyers, and other superiors fight for children on a daily basis, parental rights should not come before the protection of a child.

Malcolm X Philosophy Essay - 1046 Words

Malcolm X African American Philosopher Malcolm X first in incident with racism happened at an early age, his house was broken into by Ku Klux Klan members. Who were looking for his father Earl Little because he works for the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), that supports black Americans returning to Africa. Malcolm would occasionally attending the UNIA meetings with his father learning that life is stacked against blacks. Throughout his life Malcolm goes through four transformations from the streets, jail, muslim and trip to mecca. Street Life While working at a local Harlem bar called Small’s as a day writer Malcolm X makes a good impression on his co-workers. Who teaches him hustling techniques. Malcolm then starts to†¦show more content†¦Incarcerated Malcolm X return to boston was very short lived his white female friend Sophia had saved his life in harlem by bring him back to boston. Sophia husband is a businessman who stays on the road, this gave sophia a lot of time to tend and help her friend Malcolm who depends on her money. To survive malcolm goes back to what he knows best hustling Malcolm, Shorty, Sophia, Sophia’s older sister and a black italian man named Ruby started robbing and burglarising houses. Malcolm’s hustle was going good until he blown his cover with sophia and was hunted down by her husband who got him arrested. Malcolm emphasize that racism against blacks dehumanizes them. The white people in malcolm viewed him as something less than human, malcom was ruthl ess, foul mouthed, hustler and an uneducated negro. During his trial the convention against him for stealing was weight evenly as his relationship with a white women. The notes of his cross examination was mostly his relationship with sophia rather than his conviction of stealing and was sentenced to ten years in prison. Malcolms time at the state prison is a period of scholarly development and religious upheaval. Experiencing drug withdrawal and a furious temper, he is put into solitary and nicknamed Satan. Over time he meets a prisoner by the name Bimbi. Bimbi is a confident black man who commands and respected by all. Being mentored by Bimbi, MalcolmShow MoreRelatedEssay Philosophies and Tactics of Dr. King and Malcolm X1492 Words   |  6 PagesLuther King and Malcolm X had an everlasting effect on the treatment of minorities in the United States. Although their philosophies and tactics differed greatly, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X helped shape the Civil Rights Mo vement and make the United States a better place for people regardless of their race. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X had different beliefs and goals for the Civil Rights Movement. While Martin Luther King Jr. took a more peaceful position, Malcolm X could best beRead MoreLiterary Devices: Malcolm X Essay1330 Words   |  6 Pagessociety. Looking back at one of the most influential figures of the 1960’s, it is hard to imagine that at age 21 Malcolm X tried to start a letter with â€Å"Look, daddy, let me pull your coat about a cat†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (X 256). He spent 7 years in prison for robbery, and during that time he underwent a self-metamorphosis. His way of putting it is â€Å"books opened up a whole new world to me† (260). History, philosophy, genetics and a whole dictionary all contributed to his learning process. But, as he learned more, he foundRead More Prison Studies Considered Essay849 Words   |  4 PagesPrison Studies Considered In Prison Studies Malcolm X briefly details how, during his incarceration, he embarked on a process of self-education that forever changed him and the course of his life. 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Politics is a platform where the wellbeing is thought for the citizens and in America the politics and laws have been placed in order for the betterment of the American citizens. In this essay I will unravel many factors arguing whether violence is legitimate or whether it is a mean that is necessary to a more equal nation mostly focusing on the American Civil Rights movement and the black power. The idea of non violence has stemmed offRead MoreFrederick Douglass Analysis1927 Words   |  8 PagesObtaining an Education as a Black Man Malcolm X was a self-educated man who was imprisoned for ten years. He converted to the Islam religion and preached separatist philosophy before he switched his ideas to the Civil Rights Movement. The major purpose of Malcolm X’s piece was to notify people across the country of all the struggles African Americans were put through if they wanted an education. He encouraged African Americans to fight for the rights they deserved. Malcolm X changed his tone several timesRead MoreOpposing Forces Civil Rights Movement2317 Words   |  10 Pagesthe main focus of this essay. Both Stokely Carmichael and Malcolm X were dominant figures of their times. Whites, as well as some of the moderate black leaders, criticized both of them as extremists and racists. Certainly, their philosophy and approach to dealing with racism was quite different to the prevailing theme of working together with whites, within the system. Both Carmichael and Malcolm X shared similarities and minor differences i n each of their philosophies. Most of all, the elements

Investigate how PH affects the ability of raw meat to absorb water †Plan Free Essays

I am planning an experiment to investigate how PH affects the ability of raw meat to absorb water. * Independent Variable The independent variable for this experiment is the PH of the solution the steak is marinated in. I will achieve a range of different PH values by using buffers set at PH 1, 3, 5, 7, 9. We will write a custom essay sample on Investigate how PH affects the ability of raw meat to absorb water – Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now I predict that there will be an optimum PH where the steak will absorb the most water. The amount of water absorbed by the raw meat will increase as you increase the PH up to the optimum and then decrease the PH as the PH increases past the optimum. * Dependent Variable The dependent variable for this experiment is the amount of water absorbed by the diced steak by process of osmosis. I will record this by recording the mass before and the mass after marination. From these results I can calculate the percentage change in mass so that I can compare the different results with each other. I will calculate the percentage change by : Change x 100 Original * Controlled Variables The main control variables for this experiment are : Each of the 5 buffer solutions should have the same volume of 50ml and the same concentration. If one beaker had more than another then there would be more solution to act on the meat therefore tenderising it more. This could alter the end percentage change in mass. The mass of the diced steak before marination needs to be controlled. A larger mass could potentially absorb and store more water. I will try to get as similar masses as possible to avoid any differences in weight. Instead of calculating the difference in mass, I will calculate percentage change in mass to account for any small differences in mass. Also a constant surface area of the diced steak is important, otherwise there would be a larger area for the solution to act on causing more tenderisation therefore altering the overall results. The temperature at which the meat is marinated at would need to remain constant. At a higher temperature, molecules are moving faster therefore osmosis is more likely to occur. The experiment will be conducted at room temperature, although a more scientific method would be the use of an incubator. I will conduct the experiment in the same place so that each test is experiencing the same temperature changes. The time allowed for marination, each steak should be in the buffer solution for 12 hours all getting the same length of time otherwise a longer time could provide an opportunity for more water to be absorbed. Drying of the steak pieces, dab twice on each side. If some are dabbed more than the other it would alter the end percentage change in mass. * Method ? Divide the diced steak into five equally sized piles. ? Using electronic scales weigh each pile to make the masses as similar as possible. Record the masses. ? Add 50ml of buffer solution PH1 to a beaker and repeat the process for the other buffer solutions. ? Put one set of diced steak into each beaker. ? Leave the 5 beakers for 12hours allowing the raw meat to marinate. ? Remove the dices from the solution and pat dry before weighing. ? Record the mass of each pile and calculate the percentage change in mass by using formula : Change x 100 Original ? Repeat the experiment 3 times to ensure an accurate set of results. ? Plot a graph of PH against percentage change in mass. How to cite Investigate how PH affects the ability of raw meat to absorb water – Plan, Papers

Investigate how PH affects the ability of raw meat to absorb water †Plan Free Essays

I am planning an experiment to investigate how PH affects the ability of raw meat to absorb water. * Independent Variable The independent variable for this experiment is the PH of the solution the steak is marinated in. I will achieve a range of different PH values by using buffers set at PH 1, 3, 5, 7, 9. We will write a custom essay sample on Investigate how PH affects the ability of raw meat to absorb water – Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now I predict that there will be an optimum PH where the steak will absorb the most water. The amount of water absorbed by the raw meat will increase as you increase the PH up to the optimum and then decrease the PH as the PH increases past the optimum. * Dependent Variable The dependent variable for this experiment is the amount of water absorbed by the diced steak by process of osmosis. I will record this by recording the mass before and the mass after marination. From these results I can calculate the percentage change in mass so that I can compare the different results with each other. I will calculate the percentage change by : Change x 100 Original * Controlled Variables The main control variables for this experiment are : Each of the 5 buffer solutions should have the same volume of 50ml and the same concentration. If one beaker had more than another then there would be more solution to act on the meat therefore tenderising it more. This could alter the end percentage change in mass. The mass of the diced steak before marination needs to be controlled. A larger mass could potentially absorb and store more water. I will try to get as similar masses as possible to avoid any differences in weight. Instead of calculating the difference in mass, I will calculate percentage change in mass to account for any small differences in mass. Also a constant surface area of the diced steak is important, otherwise there would be a larger area for the solution to act on causing more tenderisation therefore altering the overall results. The temperature at which the meat is marinated at would need to remain constant. At a higher temperature, molecules are moving faster therefore osmosis is more likely to occur. The experiment will be conducted at room temperature, although a more scientific method would be the use of an incubator. I will conduct the experiment in the same place so that each test is experiencing the same temperature changes. The time allowed for marination, each steak should be in the buffer solution for 12 hours all getting the same length of time otherwise a longer time could provide an opportunity for more water to be absorbed. Drying of the steak pieces, dab twice on each side. If some are dabbed more than the other it would alter the end percentage change in mass. * Method ? Divide the diced steak into five equally sized piles. ? Using electronic scales weigh each pile to make the masses as similar as possible. Record the masses. ? Add 50ml of buffer solution PH1 to a beaker and repeat the process for the other buffer solutions. ? Put one set of diced steak into each beaker. ? Leave the 5 beakers for 12hours allowing the raw meat to marinate. ? Remove the dices from the solution and pat dry before weighing. ? Record the mass of each pile and calculate the percentage change in mass by using formula : Change x 100 Original ? Repeat the experiment 3 times to ensure an accurate set of results. ? Plot a graph of PH against percentage change in mass. How to cite Investigate how PH affects the ability of raw meat to absorb water – Plan, Papers