The Reign Of The New World - 894 Words

Throughout the Medieval Ages, there were many political events which deem worthy of acknowledgement. From the year of 476 to 1500, events ranging from the reign of Charlemagne to Christopher Columbus’s discovery of the New World occurred; without the events occurring in history, today’s society would not be the same as it is today. The world may be ruled under one nation or many more countries may have formed. The important events which shaped the future include: Charlemagne’s reign, the Crusades, the Hundred Years’ War, and Christopher Columbus’s Voyage. The first significant political event which occurs between 500 and 1000 A.D. is the reign of Charlemagne. Bennett states, â€Å"Charlemagne could be warm and talkative, but he could also be hard and cruel, and his subjects came to regard him with both admiration and fear† (Bennett 89). Charlemagne’s character and attitude are loved by some and unloved by some, but one thing cann ot be denied: Charlemagne was the greatest king in the Medieval Ages. Charlemagne led an empire that was consistently at war with surrounding nations; the wars were strongly tied to conquests based on Christianity. Charlemagne prompted his nation to build churches, collect relics, and promote a Christian cultural revival. As Bennett explains, â€Å"he had long been attempting to attain a status comparable to that of the rulers of Byzantium† (92). By 813, Charlemagne rules both the Church and the State (Seguin Lecture). One, more prevalent, way inShow MoreRelatedThe French Revolution Of France1365 Words   |  6 Pagesultimate goal was to obliterate the Catholic Church in France and the faithful within it. Before the beginning of the revolution, France had the most widespread culture in the entire world. From its fine arts, stylishness, clothing, and language, everything that was popular in France was also prevalent all over the world. However, all of that changed after the start of the Revolution. â€Å"Since France was such a cultural model, the French Revolution there would fall under the scrutiny of nearly nation-state†Read MoreThe Reign of Terror and the Salem Witch Trials: Reshaping Society1142 Words   |  5 PagesThe period of the French Revolution known as the Reign of Terror was similar to the trials and tribulations faced by the characters of The Crucible by Arthur Miller. The cycle of oppression, opportunity, and fear created the struggle for power that was key to the outcome of both events. The French Revolution, beginning in 1789, was a lengthy process in which the people of France took over the government and instituted a Republic (Chambers). The overarching goal of the Revolution was to place theRead MoreThe King Of The Egyptian Dynasty1271 Words   |  6 PagesTutankhamun was the twelfth king of the 18th Egyptian dynasty. His reign can be seen as a period of religious transition to the extent of that he reverted back to the traditional Egyptian religion after his predecessor’s radical revolution and laid the foundations for future rulers. However, it has been observed that many of the actions that were made during his reign were not made by him, instead by his advisors. Tutankhamun’s reign can be seen as a period of religious transition but only to a certainRead MoreThe War Of The French Revolution899 Words   |  4 Pagesthe world the power inherent in the will of the people. The Reign of Terror had many unjustified events. The Reign of Terror violated many of the people’s rights set by the Declaration of Rights.†No one should be silenced on account of his opinions, including his religious views.†(Dec. of rights) Basically the government should not be able to punish people who disagree with them. This explains how the reign of terror was not justified because it violated the idea of the revolution. The Reign of TerrorRead MoreFrance - Change over Time Essay (French Revolution)1156 Words   |  5 Pages*As the title indicates, this is a change/continuity AP essay written for World History class. Vaguely, the essay question was: Describe change and continuity in France from the mid-1700s to the mid-1800s.*Like many other European nations in the 1700 s, France experienced a dramatic shift of sentiments against the monarchy, nobility, and Catholic Church as the people, fired by rousing new Enlightenment ideals, began to question authority and emphasize the need for equality, liberty, and democracyRead MoreThe Holy Spirit846 Words   |  4 Pagesoutbreak of sin will be perpetuated and the final judgment for the wicked. Then the new heaven and the new earth will then be established for all eternity. The third person of the triune God is the Holy Spirit. He posses the attributes of God Father and Jesus Christ. He is the personal unseen power and presence of God in the world. The mission of the Holy Spirit is to proclaim overflowing love and world embracing communion of the triune God. God’s mission is calling the entire creationRead MoreThe Impact of Queen Victorias Death on Australia1268 Words   |  6 PagesQueen Victorias Death Queen Victorias reign, lasted 63 years, from 1837 to 1901. She ascended the throne of Great Britain, when she was 18. Despite being the Queen of Britain, and a very influential and prominent person, she also had an impact on Australian history. In Australia the most apparent legacy of Queen Victorias reign is manifested in the names of the two states, Victoria and Queensland. There are also a large number of other important buildings and places, named in her honor suchRead MoreElizabeth I: Britain’s Triumphant Queen Essay examples1611 Words   |  7 PagesThe exceptional reign of Queen Elizabeth I stands out in British history. Her reign is one of the longest in British history. Under her rule Britain began to gain strength because her policies laid the groundwork for the future rulers to build upon. The previous rulers of England, such as Queen Mary I, created turmoil through their policies which their personal beliefs influenced greatly. Elizabeth I’s reign remained relatively stable and she implemented new political policies that helped to strengthenRead MoreEssay on Use of Terror in the French Revolution 1108 Words   |  5 Pagesking Louis XVI. Robespierre had a vision of a new France where everyone was equal. In order to reach his goal of completely reconstructing France, Robespierre unleashed a campaign of terror. Terror was used to enforce his revolutionary ideas, but the radicalization eventually lead to the downfall of Maximilian Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety. Maximillian Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety used excessive terror to enforce new revolutionary changes during the French RevolutionRead MoreRobespierre and the Reign of Terror1544 Words   |  7 PagesTwenty thousand to forty thousand died; it is still unknown exactly how many people were lost through the blood drenching event of the Reign of Terror.[Footnote] Throughout the French revolution, specifically the eleven month, 1793-1794 Reign of Terror, revolutionary leaders, such as Maximilien Robespierre believed in enforcing fear to resolve the instability of France. â€Å"Terror is nothing else than swift, severe, indomitable justice; it flows, then, from virtue†-Maximilien Robespierre.[Footnote]

Cultural Studies By John Frow And Meaghan Morris - 852 Words

For this week’s reading, we read â€Å"Cultural Studies† by John Frow and Meaghan Morris. The author started out by describing how â€Å"culture† became a popular term within the media since the 1980’s and words like â€Å"postmodernism† and â€Å"globalization†. The Australian politician describe the word ‘culture’ affects people’s point of views and way of working through complicated customs, values, and expectations. The author supported the argument that changing culture is a very important aspect by using an example from Murdoch. He pointed out that being able to come up with â€Å"cultural† solution is essential to solve economic issues. A quote from the text is â€Å"Changing the culture is a way of challenging the conduct of other people’s everyday working lives, whether within the framework of a single company.† (Denzin and Lincoln P. 490) In order to make this work, workers need to revise their habits and conducts at work by improving the race and gender equality issues in the workplace for providing more fair opportunities. This way, minorities can also feel their personal and social worth among the society. Culture is seen to affect homes, works neighborhoods and streets. Another important quote from the text is, â€Å"culture is a term that can designate†¦ ‘the whole way of life’ of a social group as it is structured by representation and power†¦ It is a network of embedded practices and representations that shapes every aspects of social life.† (Denzin and Lincoln P. 491) However, some people

Xyz Affair Free Essays

From March of 1797 to 1800, a diplomatic scandal occurred where Americans were outraged by demands from the French for a bribe as a condition for negotiating with American diplomats that became known as the XYZ Affair. John Adams took presidency in 1797 and inherited several problems from George Washington’s administration, including hostilities between the United States and France that began to escalate in the 1790s. The signing of Jay’s Treaty, which violated of the Treaty of Paris yet averted the threat of war with England, induced angry reactions from both American and European politicians. We will write a custom essay sample on Xyz Affair or any similar topic only for you Order Now Democratic-Republicans believed the treaty was a humiliating surrender to the British. French leaders, meanwhile, viewed it as a union with their enemy, and the violation of the Franco-American Treaty of 1778. In response to the John Jay’s agreement, the French used forces to plunder more than 300 American ships. To stop the attacks on American shipping and settle on an agreement with France, Adams appointed three commissioners: Charles Pinckney, United States minister to France; John Marshall, a Virginia lawyer; and Elbridge Gerry of Massachusetts. Upon arriving in Paris in October 1797, the three men experienced a hostile environment. They requested a meeting with the French government. The envoys met three secret agents to relay Talleyrand’s terms of negotiations. The three agents were labeled as X, Y and Z, but later revealed as Baron Jean-Conrad Hottinguer, Pierre Bellamy, and Lucien Hauteval respectfully. The agents insisted that before any negotiate could begin, they demanded 50,000 pounds of sterling, a $12 million loan from America, a $250,000 personal bribe to the French minister, and a formal apology to the French minister for a comment made by President John Adams. Though bribery was extremely common in the eighteenth-century politics, Talleyrands demands were too high for merely a pledge to negotiate. Pinckney rejected the terms and told the French agents â€Å"no, no, not a sixpence. † The incident became known as â€Å"The XYZ Affair. † Once the commissioners’ report to Congress became public, citizens were furious about the French behavior. Even the most loyal Democratic-Republicans, who supported a strong relationship with France, felt a sense of betrayal and many joined a call for war. Pinckney’s response to the demands sparked a rallying that spread throughout the colonies: â€Å"Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute. † Federalist politicians were eager for a fight and the war campaign gained more support. Adams refused to declare war but advocated the build-up of American armed forces and raised taxes. Adams also accepted new laws that tried to limit protests against the government and its actions. These laws were the Alien and Sedition Acts. They made it difficult for immigrants to become a United States citizen and people from certain countries, such as France, could not become a citizen at all. The laws also restricted free speech and freedom of the press. Many citizens saw the Alien and Sedition Acts as harsh and undemocratic laws. Congress stopped commercial trade with France, renounced the alliance of 1778, tripled the size of the army, and created a Navy Department with an order for the contraction of 40 warships. By the fall of 1798, American ships were waging an undeclared war against the French in the Caribbean waters, a conflict that is known as the Quasi-War. The French seized over 300 American ships. The United States retaliated by capturing 22 French ships off the American coast and in the West Indies. Hamilton led the Federalist charge for war, but Adams remained steadfast in his refusal to sign a formal declaration of war. He believed that war with France would divide the colonies and lead to a civil war. This could be Adams’ finest hour because his of his decision to put the interests of his nation ahead of those of his party. 5 In 1799, Tallyrand, who did not want to deplete the French military with a fight outside of Europe, let it be known that he was willing to talk. Adams sent another delegation to negotiate a peaceful end to the quasi-war with France. But by the time the envoy arrived in Paris, Napolean Bonaparte was in power and looking to cut ties with America. The two sides finally produced an agreement called â€Å"The Convention of 1800,† that annulled the 1778 treaty of alliance and excused the French from damage claims of American shippers. Had Adams chosen war, it may have jeopardized the American purchase of Louisiana in 1803. The threat of war with France was eliminated. President Adams showed Europe that the new American nation was ready to defend itself and would not be bullied anymore. The naval program Adams helped to stimulate would also help the United States defeat the Barbay pirates in the First and Second Barbay war as well as aiding in the War of 1812. How to cite Xyz Affair, Essay examples

Corporations Limited and Securities Legislation

Question: Discuss about the Corporations Limited and Securities Legislation. Answer: Introduction: Proprietary company can be considered as the private company whose shareholders are liable with a limited number of shares to pay off the company debts. The company needs to comply with certain regulations, restrictions and requirements, one of which is that the company needs to have at least one director residing within Australia. The company also needs to have a minimum of one shareholder but with the maximum limit of 50 non-employee shareholders. The company also must possess a registered office at a valid physical address of Australia. A proprietary office in Australia can be registered either by direct deal with the Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC) or through the help of ASIC agents in exchange for a registration fee of $469. In case of registering a company with the help of an agent, an additional amount of minimum $50 needs to be paid as a service charge. Additionally, the internal management of the company needs to be managed by integrating both the set of replaceable rules and constitution. The Section 134 and 135 of the Corporations Act 2001, states that a corporation can handle the internal management of the company by applying the replaceable rules as per the Corporations Act and by adopting the constitution either on registration or after the registration based on the requirements. The adoption of the constitution primarily takes place before the companys registration as it requires a contract to be formed by the members, the directors and the company secretary with the company as well as among themselves. The adoption of the constitution on registration is applicable only if the registered member agrees to adhere to the terms of the constitution in writing. The constitution can also be adopted after the registration only if a special resolution has been passed by the company. However, the replaceable rules can be considered as the framework to control over the internal management of the company according to the Corporation Act, especially in case when the sole director and shareholder are the same person. Additionally, the section 135 of the Corporations Act 2001, states that only a certain segment of companies are applicable under the replaceable rules. The section 135(1)(a)(i) states that the company, which is registered after 1st of July 1998 can apply for replaceable rules. According to 135(1) (a) (ii) the company who has repealed their constitution the day after its registration before 1st of July 1998 is also applicable under the set of replaceable rules. In addition, 135(1) (b) also states that the replaceable rules are primarily applicable for the proprietary companies, while the mandatory rules are made applicable for the public companies based on the pre-specified standards. The section 254 (a) (2) of the Corporation Act states that a company has the power to issue shares of the company. In accordance to this, the section 124 (1)(a) also illustrates the statutory ability and authority of the company to repeal or issues the shares of a company. The Historical Background and the Reason for Inclusion of Section 198A in the Corporation Act In any organization, the directors have the crucial role to direct the members to perform with utmost efficiency and diligence. The members in the general meeting are considered to be the crucial players of a company and hence needed to be managed well. In such cases, the majority of the shareholders agreeing to a particular perception were considered the ultimate decision for the companys operations and the members had to agree to it. This process of decision-making affected the and proper functioning of the company to a large extent. Therefore, the directors as a part of the constitution have been allocated with the essential role of managing the business perspectives according to the Corporations Act 2001, to ensure effective functioning of the company in the long run. Therefore, the section 198A has been included in the Corporation Act, for the directors to realize their powers and duties. Moreover, the directors are responsible for evading any kind of fraudulent activities, which is against the law of the company. The section 198A in the Corporation Act also states that the directors are allocated with the special powers to manage the company. In case of proprietary, the directors or the shareholders are liable to carry out all the powers and borrow money, issue shares and debentures. In addition, the liable directors or the shareholders can accept, sign and endorse the negotiable instruments. The directors are also liable to exercise the general duties, restricted to perform trade with the insolvent companies and maintain the record of the company accurately. In case, if the company is not able to pay off the debts, the company will be considered as an insolvent. Therefore, the directors should be able to understand and anticipate the financial position of the company. In addition, the directors will also need to maintain the business transactions with accuracy. The directors failing to meet these obligations will be not considered liable under the Corporations Act. The Historical Background and the Reason for Inclusion of Section 191 in the Corporation Act According to the section 191(1) state that a director with material personal interest related to the company affairs will need to provide other directors with a notice if any kind of conflict is perceived. It also illustrates that if any kind of offense is evidenced to have been made by the director with the material personal interest will be strictly liable for the same. The section 191(2) of the Corporations Act specifies the exceptional conditions in which the directors do not require to issue the notice of interest. It also explains that the directors of a proprietary company need to be aware of the extent and nature of interest along with its relation with the company affairs. This section has been included in the corporation act because in-spite of all the control being in the hands of the member director, he is bound to take the assistance of the other directors in cases of material personal interest and the associated company affair. However, the ultimate decision making power lies with the member director. Including this section in the Corporations Act safeguards the member director from the liability that he might have to incur as a result of ineffective or wrong decision. The Historical Background and the Reason for Inclusion of 250r (2) (3) In the Corporation Act The section 250R(2) of the Corporations Act, states that the AGM of a company will need to obtain the Vote on the adoption of the remuneration report.The purpose of initiating the section 250R (2) is to enhance the level of accountability in remuneration of the directors. It also aims at encouraging the shareholders to maintain accountable decision, thereby evading the conflict of interest related with the process of remuneration. Additionally, in the annual general meeting the remuneration report needs to be voted by the shareholders. In this regard the section 300A of the Corporations Act refers that the remuneration report complies with the annual directors report, which comprises the remuneration, Payments and policies of the directors or the governing head. However, the section 250R (3) states that the vote is advisory and hence do not bind the company or the directors. In order to avoid the conflict of interest with the key management personnel who are voting for their remuneration, the directors and other related parties holding the shares are not allowed to vote on the AGMs Remuneration Report. As per the voting procedure the shareholders are briefed on the contents of the Remuneration Report, which entails the salary and bonus of the directors but receives above 25% vote going against the perspective of adopting the report. Both these sections have been included in the Corporations Act in order to help the directors in making the decision of whether the remuneration report of the AGM needs to be adopted. Bibliography ALII, 2016.Corporations Act 2001 - Sect 141.Commonwealth Consolidated Acts, viewed 9 September 2016 https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/s135.html ALII, 2016.Corporations Act 2001 - Sect 141.Commonwealth Consolidated Acts, viewed 9 September 2016, https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/s198e.html ALII, 2016.Corporations Act 2001 - Sect 141.Commonwealth Consolidated Acts, viewed 9 September 2016, https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/s191.html ASIC, 2016, Constitution and replaceable rules, For Business, viewed 9 September 2016 https://asic.gov.au/for-business/starting-a-company/constitution-and-replaceable-rules/ ASIC, 2016, Directors' liabilities when things go wrong, For Business, https://asic.gov.au/for-business/your-business/small-business/small-business-resources/asic-guide-for-small-business-directors/directors-liabilities-when-things-go-wrong/ ASIC, 2016. Financial reports. Regulatory resources , viewed 9 September 2016 Australian Government, 2016, Register your company, Business, viewed 9 September 2016 https://www.business.gov.au/info/plan-and-start/start-your-business/business-and-company-registration/register-your-company CCH Australia Limited, (2011). Australian Corporations Securities Legislation 2011: Corporations Act 2001, ASIC Act 2001, related regulations. McPhersons, Australia. CNCNA Pty. Ltd, 2014,What is a PTY LTD Company, Home. viewed 9 September 2016 https://www.ecompanies.com.au/company-registration/pty-ltd-registration/ Governance Institute of Australia, 2016, Providing your board with comfort on the accountability mechanisms operating in your company, Chartered Secreteries, Australia pp. 1-5. Zwart, D. F., 2015, Enhancing Firm Sustainability Through Governance: The Relational Corporate Governance Approach. Edward Elgar Publishing, UK.